HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
FRIDAY, January 11, 1861.The House met at 9 o'clock.
The Journal of yesterday having been read-
On the motion of Mr. ORR, the vote of yesterday, adopting the resolution for opening the session to-day with prayer by some minister of the Gospel, was reconsidered, and amended so as to make the hour " 2 o'clock this evening.
"Mr. HEFFREN. The resolution contains no invitation to the Senate to be present. He submitted an additional amendment to that effect, which was adopted; and then the resolution as amended was adodted.
MR. DASHIELL QUALIFIED.
On motion by Mr. Fisher, Mr. Dashiell, the member elect from Ripley county came forward, presented his credentials, received the oath and took his seat.
STANDING RULES.
Mr. BURNHAM, from the special Committee on Rules, stated that they had made no change in the Rules of the last House, except in the arrangement, in the addition to the Standing Committees, a Committee on Federal Relations, and in the addition of the following rule:"
SEC. 18. JOINT CONVENTION. In all joint meetings of the two Houses of the General Assembly convened for a specific purpose, it shall be incompetent for either House, or its members to engage in the transaction of any business other than that for which they were specifically assembled."
On motion by Mr. HEFFREN, amended by Mr. BRANHAM, it was-
Ordered, That 200 copies of this Report, and that on the revision of the Joint Rules, "be printed for the use of the House.
OVERCOATS AND HATS.
On motion of Mr. HEFFREN, it was-
Ordered, That the Doorkeeper be directed to prepare a suitable place in the rear of the Speaker's Chair for the deposit of the overcoats and hats of members, and that the same be done under the direction of the Speaker.
PUBLIC PRINTER.
Mr. GRESHIM submitted the following:
Resolved That a select committee of five be appointed to appointed to enquire into the expediency of abolishing the office of State Printer, and letting out the printing to the lowest responsible bidder, and the said committee report at an early day.
Mr. HEFFREN desired to include stationery, which was accepted, and the resolution passed by consent.
SERGEANT-AT-ARMS.
On motion of Mr. BUNDY, it was-
Ordered, The the Doorkeeper act as Sergeant-at-Arms of this House, without any additional compensation.
PAGES.
Mr. BRYANT submitted an order, that the Speaker be authorized and requested to appoint three boys to act as pages to this House during the present session.
Mr. PROSSER proposed two pages. He would be willing to accept three, if an assistant door keeper could be dispensed with.
After debate, in which Messrs. Heffren, Branham, Nebeker and others took part, Mr. page: 14[View Page 14]Prosser's amendment was rejected with the understanding that there should be but six assistant doorkeepers.
Mr. SMITH, of Bartholomew proposed to amend by inserting the words " at two dollars a day ;" which was agreed to-yeas 77, nays 19.
NORTHERN STATE PRISON.
Mr. JENKINSON submitted a preamble and resolution, rehearsing, that whereas it is currently reported and generally believed, that the interests of the State have been sacrificed in the location of the Northern States Prison ; that both the location and the contract for its construction were procured by corrupt means and complicity of State officers, Therefore,
Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed, with power to send for persons and papers, and make a thorough investigation of the same, and report what legislation is necessary to correct the evils growing out of said location and the letting of said contract.
Mr. JENKINSON had been told that the $50,000 appropriated for this prison had been all spent, and that it will cost $40,000 beyond that.
Messrs. ORR and LANE desired to see the resolution pass.
Mr. PROSSER was willing to repeal the act authorizing the Northern Prison.
Mr. SHERMAN considered this resolution premature. It was a strange resolution to come from a Democrat. He remembered that it was originally claimed as a Democratic measure. He made not objection to the conduct of the commisioners, but considered that no discrepancy would be found in their acts. Objection to the location was perhaps the only plea for the resolution.
Mr. HEFFREN. If there had been fraud or unfairness about either the location or construction of the Penitentiary, he cared not where the blame might fall; if there was blame, as a member here and a representative of the people, to protect their interests and to prevent corruption, it was our duty to make a thorough investigation whenever there was even the suspicion of fraud.
Mr. SHERMAN. We are to have a Committee on Public Expenditures, whose duty it will be to investigate all the acts of these commissioners, with those of other State officers, and we are to have a standing committee on the Affairs of the Penitentiary; and he considered it safe for the House to rely upon the reports of these committees. He desired to move to lay the resolution on the table.
Mr. CAMERON proposed to amend the resolution by striking out all that part of the inquiry which relates to the location.
Mr. PROSSER. That is the very thing we want to get at.
Mr. FISHER. The amendment should not prevail. The belief is universal that there has been corruption and wrong in the matter Whether this be true or false, the facts ought to be shown. If the location has been honestly made, the Commissioners ought to be justiied. If there have been corruptions, let them be exposed. Let the resolution pass in its original shape.
Mr. FRAZIER was in favor of investigation, but would prefer the resolution and amendment should go to one of the Standing Committees either that on Public Expenditures, or that on the Penitentiary. I am not willing to trust it in Democratic hands. I move to lay the subject on the table.
The motion was withdrawn for-
Mr. CAMERON. I did not offer the amendment to cover up investigation as to the location of the prison, but simply to stop inquiry as to its eligibility. I know that there has been a contest for that location between Logansport, Fort Wayne and Michigan City. I am satisfied that either of these would have been an eligible location; and I am satisfied that only time will be wasted by an investigation of this matter. The gentleman from Allen (Mr. Jenkinson) seems to bring up and expose all these old matters. His people seem to think Alien county has been set back in the world because Michigan City has been selected for the location of one of the benevolent . institutions of the State. He said there were many reasons for the location at Michigan City, and now there had been expended $52,000 in the construction and other matters. Did the gentleman propose to throw this away because he might discover that the water was not good in Michigan City, or that stone quarries were not convenient?
[Here a message from the Senate by Mr. Secretary Tyner, announced the action of that body, and its concurrence in the appointments for opening the business of the session by prayers, and for hearing the Governor's Message in joint Convention of the two Houses at 2 o'clock P. M. this day.
Mr. NEBEKER, on behalf of the Joint Select Committee to wait on the Governor, reported that the Governor had appointed to deliver his biennial Message at two o'clock.
Which report, and the Senate's action in this matter, were concurred in by consent.]
Mr. JENKINSON said, if there had been mistake in the location of the Northern Prison, it ought to be repudiated. He was prepared to show that Michigan City was the worst location that could have been made in the State. The gentleman would not investigate this. So they have the benefit of the larceny, they don't care about the punishment of the guilty.
Mr. FRAZIER moved to lay the subject on the table.
Mr. HEFFREN demanded a division of the question.
Whereupon Mr. Cameron's amendment was tabled by yeas 85, nays 8; but the House refused to table the original resolution, and the question recurred thereon.
Mr. EDSON was willing to strike out the words "and generally believed." He represented a district about as far removed from page: 15[View Page 15]the scene of action as any in the State, and they neither knew nor believed anything about the matter. They were perfectly willing to let this institution remain where it is. They did not want to abolish it. They might have the rogues that might be sent there. We had our share already.
Mr. STOTSENBURG desired to amend the resolution, by getting clear of the Preamble, and sent up the following :
Strike out all before the resolution and insert the following:
That a committee of five members be appointed by the Speaker, whose duty it shall be to send for persons and papers, and make an investigation of all the matters connected with the location and contract for the construction of the Northern State Prison, and report to the House all the facts connected therewith, and what legislation, if any, is necessary to correct any evils or frauds in the location of said prison, and the contracting for the building of the same, if any have been committed.
Mr. JENKINSON accepted the amendment.
Mr. FRAZIER was not opposed to investigation. He had merely wanted to give the subject to a standing committee.
The resolution was now adopted.
STATE OF THE UNION.
Mr. VEATCH submitted the following:
Resolved, That all matters and resolutions in relation to the present excited State of our country, and all matters and resolutions proposing remedies therefor, be referred to the Committee of Thirteen without debate; and that said committee be instructed to report at as early a day as practicable.
Mr. VETCH. I have but a word to offer in eqplanation of that resolution. The object, whatever may come of it, is that we here upon this subject may have reasonable time for deliberation. Too hasty action, or too great delay are equally liable to destroy good results. It is to restrain action till the proper time that I have offered this, and in no respect desiring to choke debate. I am anxious that this question should be discussed, and I think we should earnestly and seriously consider it.
Mr. HFFFREN hoped the resolution would not be adopted. Yesterday when it was poured over the wires that a vessel of the United States had been fired into in the harbor of South Carolina, with what eager haste did every man ask after the intelligence ? What party would gag down discussion of the weighty questions upon us? We came here as representatives of a free people to consider their wants and desires, and to make free expression of them; and when it was known that a portion of the Confederacy were in open rebellion, should we have our mouths closed that we dare not utter the voice of our people; should it be required of us when our country is in danger to refer all our propositions to a committee of thirteen without a single word of our own, and let that committee meet in some dark room of the Capitol, and there pore over them for days, and the people meanwhile be left without any knowledge of the sentiments of this body? Whilst he was willing that all resolutions should go to that committee, he would not stop the mouths of members presenting them. Were gentlemen afraid to have their names on the record, and to show how the great State of Indiana stands on the grave and vital questions involved? Was it possible that when the government of the country is threatened and its flag is dishonored, which we are wont to see floating on high-was it possible that here we should be required to keep our mouths closed and remain dumb as sheep before the shearers? Not so did that convention which met in 1776. He proceeded to appeal to gentlemen on both sides of the House against the adoption of the resolution from the consideration that the privilege of debate should not be restrained upon such a question by the representatives of the people. The dark and lowering clouds of disunion were hanging over us with scarcely a beam to illuminate our pathway. It was no time for our voices to be hushed. Gentlemen had been talking an hour or more about the northern Penitentiary; and it was not improbable that the subject of newspapers for the use of members would occupy their time for a day or two. Were these subjects of more importance than the maintainance of this Union, than the preservation of the inheritance our fathers had left us? He proceeded at some length to appeal to the majority to extend in this case the same liberality which under like circumstances they would expect and desire for themselves.
Mr. VEATCH. In his humble judgment, the main object here was time to reflect upon the subject. When a man reflected upon it, he could say what he has to say in much less time. If the object were to get information upon the subject, time would be saved by every gentleman taking reasonable time for reflection before he speaks. We had all seer, the effect of the hasty consideration of matter from time to time. What did the gentleman from Washington (Mr. Heffren) desire by his appeal for a free expression of opinion? So far as he was concerned, he would pledge himself never to be in favor of repressing reasonable debate. The gentleman himself gave an example yesterday of the effect of springing debate upon this subject, out of order, and before the organization of the House, and had delayed business and the time of the House at the expeuse of the State. When all the propositions on this subject should be submitted and referred, he (Mr. V ) would be as anxious as the gentleman himself to have a prompt report, upon the whole matter, and a fair and earnest consideration with the utmost freedom of debate. Would the escape of gas here-mere noise made by himself or any other member-save the country? Could debate here prevent the happening of events now taking place in Charleston harbor? If each one of us would take the proposition to our rooms, and first consider it there, then we could come back here with earnest hearts and maturer ideas, and better prepared to stand page: 16[View Page 16] as one man for the best interests of our common country, and much more likely to agree than if we hurried without hesitation into the vortex of hasty debate.
Mr. JENKINSON proposed to amend by way of substituting a memorial to Congress, instructing, our Senators and requesting our Representatives to vote for such supply of men and means by the General Government, as shall be sufficient to protect the Federal property at the South, and punish the traitors invading it.
The SPEAKER decided the amendment out of order-not germain to the matter of the resolutions.
Mr. HEFFREN moved to lay Mr. Veatch's resolution on the table, and demanded the yeas and nays, which being ordered and taken, resulted, yeas 39, nays 58, as follows:
YEAS-Messrs. Atkinson, Black, Brett, Collins of Adams, Combs, Cooprider, Davis, Edson, Fleming, Ford, Gifford, Hall, Hayes, Heffren, Holcomb, Horton, Howard, Jenkinson, Jones of Tippecanoe, Kitchen, Knowlton, Lads, McClurg, McLean, Moss, Mutz, Owens, Packard, Pitts, Polk, Prosser, Prow, Robbins, Roberts, Smith of Bartholomew, Stevenson, Stotsenburg, Trier and Warrum-39.
NAYS-Messrs. Anderson, Bingham, Boydston, Branham, Brucker, Bryan, Bundy, Burgess, Cameron, Campbell, Cason, Collins of Huntington, Grain, Dashiel, Epperson, Erwin, Feagler, Ferguson, Fisher, Fraley Frazier, Gore, Gresham, Grover, Harvey, Haworth, Henricks, Hopkins, Hudson, Hurd, Jones of Vermillion, Jones of Wayne, Kendrick, Lane, Lee, Lightner, Moody, Moorman, Nebeker, Newman, Orr, Parrett, Eagan, Randall, Sherman, Sloan, Smith of Miami, Thomas, Turner, Underwood, Veatch. Wells, Williams, Wilson, Woodhull, Woodruff, Woods and Mr. Speaker-58.
So the House refused to lay the resolution on the table.
Mr. STOTSENBURG desired to amend by striking out the words "without debate."
Mr. SMITH, of Bartholomew, said, four years ago he stood here with a majority of twenty Democrats and then he insisted on the utmost liberality of discussion. He cited particular cases, and desired now that the same consideration be extended to him.
Mr. BRANHAM admitted, with his friend from Washington and Harrison, (Mr. Heffren) that the country was in a critical condition, which it became us to consider maturely. In the main lie could cordially endorse the resolution of the gentleman from Allen, (Mr. Jenkinson;) but it became the House not to do anything hastily. Whilst he was in favor of maintaining the Union at any and every hazard and cost, if it were absolutely necessary to make the sacrifice, he was ready, also, to hold out the olive branch to our Southern friends. Let us go calmly and deliberately into this discussion, and he would pledge himself to his Democratic friends, as far as his vote was concerned, that they should have every opportunity for the discussion of all propositions to advance the interests of the country.
Mr. PROSSER, The Democratic party were in the minority, and he was not going to beg the question. The responsibility was the Republicans. They would do as they 'I pleased, and he would hold them to their record.
Mr. NEBEKER, He knew the gentleman from Brown, and the gentleman perhaps only desired to consume the time here by speech to prevent wholesome legislation. He was willing to go upon the record for the Union and the enforcement of the laws, and the declaration, that the Union must and shall be preserved. [Applause.]
Mr. STOTSENBURG was willing to throw aside his party predilections for the purpose of such action as shall give proper and prompt expression to the voice of the people of Indiana. He believed all men here were for peace. He only objected to one thing in the resolution. He desired the reference of all propositions; but he did not wish to repress needful debate. There was no telling how soon the time would come when we should be called upon to act.
Mr. STOTSENBURG'S amendment was rejected by yeas 37, nays 61, and the question recurred on the original resolution.
Mr. HEFFREN made a brief reference to the demonstrations with which his resolution offered yesterday morning was received, and also to the demonstrations just now accompanying the remarks of the gentleman from Warren, (Mr. Nebeker,) and said if every outburst of pariotism here is to be greeted in, this manner I am constrained to say that I do not think it proper or expedient or becoming this body.
Mr. NEBEKER. The gentleman from Washington tells us there were hisses in his neighborhood ; but in my neighborhood there were no hisses. As it regards the demonstrations after the ruling of the Clerk yesterday, I confess that I hai a hand in that matter. Why ? Because I held that the resolution offered by the gentleman from Washington, (Mr. Heffren,) would have done away with the right of some members to vote for Republican officers here, and that portions of the State represented here, would have been disfranchised. He might have intended to disfranchise the entire Republican party.
The SPEAKER. The Chair would take occasion to say that all noisy demonstrations, whether of approval or disapproval on the part of members should be strictly avoided. We are met here as a deliberative body, for the purpose of enacting laws for the benefit of our constituents, and the Chair hopes that there will be no demonstrations in future.
Mr. Veatch's resolution was adopted without a division.
THE CLERK'S SEAT.
Mr. BUNDY submitted the following, which was adopted:
Ordered, That the Committee on Stationery be authorized to procure a desk and high seat for the use of the Clerk of this House.
Mr. ORR, from the Select Committee on page: 17[View Page 17]Prayers, reported that the Rev. Gilbert Small would attend for that purpose at 2 o'clock.
Mr. HOLCOMB, by leave, presented the memorial of the Board of Trustees of the town of princeton, asking for relief in the matter of a School House Debt; which was referred to a select committee, viz: Messrs. Holcomb, Hopkins and Wells.
Mr. WILLIAMS introduced a bill [H. R. 2,] entitled an act declaring it to be a felony to leave open gates and let down fences, or destroy cattle guards along the lines of railroads, and providing a penalty therefor.
STATIONERY.
Mr. JONES of Vermillion, from the select committee on that subject, made a report relative to the House stationery, stating that it would be given to members from the stationery room, and the amount charged to each by a clerk-Mr. James A. Bell. The report left its purchase to where it could be most cheaply bought.
Mr. HEFFREN suggested that the stationery for the House had been already purchased by the State officer charged with that matter, and, because the report seemed to authorize another purchase, he suggested that its consideration might better go over till to-morrow.
So it was passed over.
FLAG FOR THE STATE HOUSE.
On motion of Mr. HEFFREN, the Doorkeeper was directed to procure a National Flag for the House, and place it on the dome of the House during the session.
Mr. PROSSER proposed to amend by requesting the Artillery Company of this city to be present when the flag should be first elevated, and fire a salute of thirty-three guns.
Mr. HEFFREN accepted of the modification; and so the order was adopted.
NEWSPAPERS.
Mr. ROBBINS submitted the following, which lies over.
Resolved, That the Doorkeeper of this House place on the desk of each member, two copies of the Daily State Sentinel, and two copies of the Daily Journal-one to be enveloped-for the use of the members.
The House now took a recess till a quarter before 2 o'clock p.m.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
The SPEAKER announced for the Doorkeeper, that he had been unable to comply with the order yesterday, to procure the acts, laws and journals for the use of members.
JOINT CONVENTION.
On motion of Mr. HEFFREN, a resolution of invitation to the Senate to come into joint session instanter in this Hall for prayers and the Governor's message, was adopted.
In due time the Senators and officers of the Senate appeared and assumed the seats prepared for them, the President of the Senate presiding.
After prayers by the Rev. Gilbert Small, of Indianapolis.
The President of the Senate announced the order of the Governors Message; whereupon-
Governor HAMMOND appeared on the floor at the right of the Clerk's table and delivered his bienniel Message to the General Assembly as follows:
GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE.
Senators and Representatives:
For the first time in the history of our State government it becomes the duty of the acting Executive of the State, to announce the death of his predecessor in office, before the time for which he was elected had expired. On the third day of October, 1860, at St. Paul, Minnesota, Ashbel P. Willard departed this life. His remains were brought back to our State by his widow, accompanied by the Governor of Minnesota, the Hon. Henry M. Rice, one of her Senators in Congress, and by other citizens. For their kindness in thus attending the remains of our deceased Governor to the Capital of our State, I desire, for the people of the State, as well as for myself, to extend to them our heartfelt thanks. This sad occurrence has devolved upon me, by virtue of the Constitution of our State, the duties of the Executive office for the period for which the late Governor Willard was elected.
During the time that I have been acting as the Executive of the State, there has been no question presented to me, save one, that can by any possibility, affect the pecuniary interests of Indiana. The semi-annual interest on our public debt for January, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, was maturing without the means in the State Treasury to meet it. There was no mode of liquidating that interest except by borrowing-money. And believing that the citizens of Indiana desired that her obligations should be kept, the Auditor and Treasurer of State, together with myself, taking as our authority an act of the General Assembly prescribing the duties of Governor, approved May 27, 1852, made a loan of one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars from Messrs. Wmslow, Lanier & Co., of the city of New York, giving our obligations to pay the same in May next out of the revenue for the year 1860. It is a matter much to be regretted that Indiana is in such a condition that she is compelled to go into the market to borrow money for any purpose whatever. But it is due to truth to state that this necessity would not have existed but for the failure of the Senate of Indiana to pass a revenue bill for the years 1857-8.
For the action of the officers of the State Government, and for the condition of the State Treasury since the last meeting of the Legislature, I respectfully refer you to the able and full report of the Auditor of State.
The management and prosperity of our benevolent institutions for the last two years have been most satisfactory, conducted as they have been by able and efficient officers. Their several reports are herewith submitted, and I most cheerfully second the recommendations therein made in reference to legislative action.
The report of the Directors of the State Prison page: 18[View Page 18] at Jeffersonville, shows that the prison is indebted between eight and ten thousand dollars, without present means of payment. This indebtedness was caused by the failure of the lessees of the convict labor to pay the State the amount due for such labor. The most of the money thus due the State is believed to be amply secured-but the time of its payment is uncertain. This failure to meet the just demands of the State by these lessees has been caused by the financial crisis which has existed for the last" few months, therefore recommend that the Legislature make an appropriation to meet the indebtedness of the State in connection with this institution.
The law fixing the qualification of voters, and for the protection of the ballot-box against fraud is defective. Our present law does not insure a fair and honest expression of public sentiment At our elections on very many occasions within the last few years, in consequence of this defect in the laws, citizens of one county have, on the day previous to the election, emigrated to another county expressly to control the election.
Our Government rests upon the action and will of the majority of her citizens, and that being the case, it is important that by provisions of law we may be assured that public sentiment shall have a fair expression through the ballot-box and, without this is secured, we can not reasonably hope that minorities will long submit. Every citizen of our State, therefore; without regard to party, is interested in having an efficient and effective law guarding this mode of expressing public sentiment. I therefore respectfully recommend the passage of a law inflicting heavy penalties upon persons voting illegally, and also upon officers of the election who refuse a legal vote, or who knowingly receive an illegal one, and fixing the residence in the county necessary to entitle one to vote, at a period that will make it unprofitable for bad men to change their residence for voting purposes alone. Had I the power of fixing the penalty for a violation of the election law of our State, it never would be below that of imprisonment in the State Prison. That penalty would deter bad men, and do much to preserve the purity of the ballot-box.
The commercial crisis which we are now undergoing, the depreciated condition of the securities upon which our free bank circulation is based, and the consequent depreciation of our currency warn us that in order to promote the financial interests of our State-to prevent loss arising from the receiving of paper money, so liable to depreciate while in the vaults of the Treasury, we should provide by law a sub-treasury system. The report of the commissioners appointed by the last Legislature to examine into the debts due the State suggests many reasons for the passage of this law. During the last ten years the State has suffered to the amount of thousands of dollars by the depreciation of the currency while in the hands of the State and county officers by the bankruptcy of persons who have become debtors to the State for money borrowed out of her vaults; by the suspension of banks in which her revenues were deposited for safety; by the imprudence and improvidence of her officers, and their neglect or failure to discharge the duties imposed upon them by law.
And to guard against a recurrence of those losses; to give that feeling of security to the citizen that the taxes he has paid are safely kept and prudently disbursed, it has now become absolutely necessary that a rigid law should be passed embodying these provisions: First, the collection of ; the debts due the State in gold and silver; Secondly, the erection of a suitable building, with secure vaults, for the preservation of the public money; and, thirdly, placing those officers having control of the public money under such strict guards that the loaning or disbursing of any of it, except in the manner provided by law, should constitute a felony, and render them liable to imprisonment in the State Prison.
It is manifestly unjust to require an officer to execute bond to the State, in a heavy penalty, for the secure keeping of the revenues of the State, when no provision is made specifying the kind of money he shall receive, and no suitable place provided in which it shall be kept. The necessity is great, therefore, of providing for the erection of a building suitable for the purpose, with vaults sufficiently strong to guard the public records and revenues from accident and crime; and remembering the success that has attended the sub-treasury system in some of our sister States, and in the Federal Government, I trust that you will give this matter your early and favorable attention.
At the last May term of the Supreme Court in the case of Igoe vs. the State of Indiana, the law approved February 10, 1855, regulating the business of foreign insurance companies, was declared to be unconstitutional.
By reference to the Auditor's books, I have learned that while the law was enforced, nineteen foreign insurance companies complied with its provisions by filing their semi-annual statements, and afterward making necessary deposits of funds or securities. These deposits were held in trust by the Auditor for the policy holders of the companies making them. When the law was declared unconstitutional these deposits were withdrawn, and we are left without any law regulating this important and growing branch of commercial business. It is now questionable whether there is a law authorizing the service of process on the agents of foreign insurance companies in suits growing out of contracts made by them in this State. That the magnitude of this branch of business may be seen, I learn from a gentleman conversant with insurance in this State, that there is paid annually by policy holders for insurance n foreign companies not less than $250,000, and hat the amount covered by insurance in those companies is about $20,000,000.
I, therefore, recommend the passage of a law which will in the first place give to the policy holder perfect security, and in the second, foster and encourage bona fide insurance companies organized by our own citizens under the laws of the State; without such stringency, however, in its provisions, as to drive from our State good and solvent foreign companies, thereby cutting off healthy competition.
In the progress of our State in population it has been found necessary to erect two prisons,which contain about five hundred convicts, and of
